America West Airlines Essays - Airline Tickets, OpenTravel Alliance

America West Airlines America West Airlines has influenced their customers' buyer behavior with a not so pleasant track record. The airline industry is a service that satisfies customer needs for traveling. Whether for business or leisure the airline industry is an increasingly growing business. If companies are not able to compete with their rivals in an already overly competitive market, then they will not benefit financially. The market segments that we will be discussing are the business traveler and the vacation traveler. The benefits between the markets are similar between the two segments. I will discuss some recommendations that could benefit the company. Most importantly, delivering the view of the consumer and what a consumer should expect from an airline. Determining a result depends on these components. This paper will discuss some of these problems and resolutions. The airline industry started out as a luxury item. Business travel has changed this industry to a necessity. As we become a global economy and communication between international companies is a key tool, travel has increased dramatically. The vacation traveler has always had the need for the airline industry. Satisfying the customer needs today involves competitive rates along with convenience of booking flights and benefits with those flights. America West Airlines has not able to provide a quality service lately. The business travelers need competitive rates for travel. The marketing mix for business people consists of the actual flights, pricing, where and how it is promoted, and finally its distribution. America West has low-fares marketed to meet the business and travelers' needs. This full-service airline is a coast-to-coast route system and includes most major destinations across the US, with additional destinations in Mexico and Canada. America West utilizes its Phoenix and Las Vegas connections as gateways for travel throughout its destinations. America West has a code-sharing agreement with Continental, which was the first extensive alliance of its kind between two carriers. The company also has a code-sharing agreement with Mesa Airlines and Air Midwest. Some of the marketing strategy involves sponsorship with sports teams. Between these different affiliations, America West uses this in part for distribution and marketing. Some of the problems with this industry are personally experienced. The airline has a difficult time being punctual. This is lately a norm in the industry, although, it is avoided by other companies. The airline industry historically fluctuates in response to general economic conditions that are present. The airline industry is sensitive to changes in economic conditions that affect business and leisure travel. The industry is highly susceptible to situations that result in declines in air travel, such as political instability, regional hostilities, recession, fuel price escalation, inflation, adverse weather conditions, consumer preferences, labor instability or regulatory oversight. The Company's results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of those for the entire year, because the travel business is subject to seasonal fluctuations. Due to the greater demand for business and leisure travel during the summer months, revenues in the airline industry for b usiness and leisure travel in the second and third quarters is typically greater than revenues in the first and fourth quarters of the year. This has an overall impact on the industry. The next phase is making recommendations for the company. The recommendation is to gain the customer's confidence back by informing them of the changes made with their timeliness. The general experience with the company has been rescheduled departures and delays, which attributes to their failure. They have also had some maintenance issues they need to be addressed. Customers for the business travel market segment need to have reliability, punctual flights, ease of booking flights, and frequent flyer miles for needs of traveling. The needs of the market segment for leisure travel consists of all of the business segment and the company could do promos for flying to certain destinations that the airlines receives great deals on. If the company can provide the benefits and satisfactions associated with good business practice, the consumers resolve their traveling requirements with America West Airlines. The company could use a marketing strategy that would involve informing the customer how they gave the company a facelift. The company could address the fact that they have had punctual issues and resolved the

Free Essays on Jacobite Rebellion Of 1745

I. Prince Charles Edward Stuart Prince Charles Edward Stuart was born to his parents, James â€Å"III† of England and Clementina Sobieska of Poland, on December 31, 1720 in Rome, Italy. As Charles was the grandson of James II, former King of England, letters of congratulations and support immediately poured in from those who celebrated the continuation of the catholic claim to the English throne. â€Å"Bonnie Prince Charlie† was immediately baptized as a member of the Catholic faith in the presence of the Pope himself, and word spread throughout Europe of the newborn. Publicly, Charles was claimed to be a healthy, strong, well-built child who quickly mastered English, French, and Italian. Stuart supporters took great pride in this reported potential, but the stories were far from the truth. In reality, Charles was an extremely weak child who did not walk until the age of four. Even at this point Charles required assistance, which came mostly from his nurse Mrs. Sheldon, whom had been hired by James and Clementina to raise the boy. Intellectually, Charles may have been even less impressive. Although it was claimed that Charles mastered multiple languages in childhood, he never in his life quite grasped English; he was more than twenty when he began to study French, and he never learned Italian. In letters written in his adult years, Charles would exhibit horrid spelling capabilities by writing â€Å"God nose† in place of â€Å"God knows† or â€Å"gems† for â€Å"James†. His educational destitution has been attribu ted to the focus placed on physical development in his early years, but Charles never displayed an interest in mental stimulation. James recruited countless renowned educational trainers from around the world; all of them failed to inspire or instigate Charles and his less-than-gifted mind. For three years, beginning when Charles was less than five years old, the young prince’s life was plagued with familial scandal an... Free Essays on Jacobite Rebellion Of 1745 Free Essays on Jacobite Rebellion Of 1745 I. Prince Charles Edward Stuart Prince Charles Edward Stuart was born to his parents, James â€Å"III† of England and Clementina Sobieska of Poland, on December 31, 1720 in Rome, Italy. As Charles was the grandson of James II, former King of England, letters of congratulations and support immediately poured in from those who celebrated the continuation of the catholic claim to the English throne. â€Å"Bonnie Prince Charlie† was immediately baptized as a member of the Catholic faith in the presence of the Pope himself, and word spread throughout Europe of the newborn. Publicly, Charles was claimed to be a healthy, strong, well-built child who quickly mastered English, French, and Italian. Stuart supporters took great pride in this reported potential, but the stories were far from the truth. In reality, Charles was an extremely weak child who did not walk until the age of four. Even at this point Charles required assistance, which came mostly from his nurse Mrs. Sheldon, whom had been hired by James and Clementina to raise the boy. Intellectually, Charles may have been even less impressive. Although it was claimed that Charles mastered multiple languages in childhood, he never in his life quite grasped English; he was more than twenty when he began to study French, and he never learned Italian. In letters written in his adult years, Charles would exhibit horrid spelling capabilities by writing â€Å"God nose† in place of â€Å"God knows† or â€Å"gems† for â€Å"James†. His educational destitution has been attribu ted to the focus placed on physical development in his early years, but Charles never displayed an interest in mental stimulation. James recruited countless renowned educational trainers from around the world; all of them failed to inspire or instigate Charles and his less-than-gifted mind. For three years, beginning when Charles was less than five years old, the young prince’s life was plagued with familial scandal an...

The Microsoft Antitrust Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Microsoft Antitrust Case - Essay Example Real Networks' Real Player was said to be a threat to Microsoft's Windows Media Player while Sun Microsystems' Java language was said to be seen as a threat to the Windows Operating system. *** Microsoft bundles applications with its Windows operating system that renders third part producers of such software powerless. By bundling the Internet Explorer and the Windows Media Player with the Windows operating system, Microsoft has limited the share of RealNetworks and Netscape in their respective market segments. As the table above shows, the Microsoft Anti-trust case involves various entities that each has their own issues to bring against Microsoft. This scenario makes the resolution of the case more complex and difficult. A resolution that 2 parties may find appealing may not be adequate for another party. Therefore, finding a settlement for the issues at hand require large amounts of time, effort, and patience form all the parties involved as well as from the mediator who would handle the negotiations. If I was to serve as a third-party mediator in the settlement negotiations of the antitrust case against Microsoft, the first thing I would do is to call on each and every personality or party involved. This may seem like a tedious task but I believe that it is necessary because I would want to hear each side in the story.

Market-Based or Government Control Research Paper

Market-Based or Government Control - Research Paper Example America's diverse healthcare problems, such as a fully nationalized healthcare system and improving the current market-based healthcare system (Shi & Singh, 2007, p.ix). This paper seeks to explore the issues surrounding PPACA. A number of authors argued against PPCA because they assert that it is a socialist intervention that does not fit the market-run socio-economic model of modern society and it is a costly and unconstitutional infringement on individual choices and corporate rights. ObamaCare is fundamentally socialist and does not fit into the market-run socio-economic model of modern society. Williamson (2011) described PPACA as socialist because it is based on a ç” °entral planning model, with socialist features of Ã¥ ¦ ¬ncome-redistribution, economic leveling, the co-opting and nationalization of private enterprises, and the elevation of an elite planning class(p.237). He did not believe that a socialist model can resolve the underlying issues of high medical and insurance costs in the nation, and for him, it will only replicate the 1970s British healthcare issues of poor implementation and poor results. Sultz and Young (2008) highlighted the characteristics of American healthcare that evade an effective socialization process. First, the healthcare system is too large to be managed by the state alone: å… ¸he U.S. health care system is the worlds eight largest economies, second to that of France, and is larger than the total economy of Italy(p.xvii). Se cond, the healthcare system is too complex, because of its labor-intensive levels and the changing, varied roles of healthcare professionals and employees who interact with evolving medical technology and patient preferences (Sultz & Young, 2008, p.xvii). Sultz and Young (2008) argued that the size and complexity of the American healthcare system shaped problems of limited health care access, inconsistent quality, and increasing costs (p.xviii).

Continuum of Care Options Matrix Essay Example for Free

Continuum of Care Options Matrix Essay Example: This is a facility that allows clients to live in a residential setting while having personal care services and assistance, usually at all hours. Clients will generally need assistance with such functions as eating, bathing, dressing, toileting, ambulation, or help with medications. Clients living here are unable to function without this assistance. This is a facility that is equipped to care for persons unable to take of themselves, due to age or chronically illness A nursing home will have trained staff on site that will be able to assist the residents with date to date living skills. A Nursing home can be either privately owned or stated owned. Supportive housing programs are design to â€Å"develop housing services that will allow homeless person to live as independently as possible† (2013) Supportive housing programs main goal is to assist the homeless in achieving permanent residency, and increase one income. The programs is required to monitor the progress of the client and theses reports are repost to the department of housing yearly. Home care is a service which allows the elderly or disable person to remain in one home; while receiving little assistance for a medical staff. The home care worker would run errands for the clients or assistance with light housekeeping. The home care worker might even assistance with bath and dressing certain parts of the clients. Assistance living allow a resident to live a nursing home like setting that offers assistance with care and meals. Assistance living also assists the client with bathing and dressing. Assistance living facilities is for elderly and disables people that needs little to no assistance. Continuing retirement communities is a service that allows the elderly to live amongst peers of the same age group without a nursing home / assistance living setting. CRS allow the elderly to live independently in their own rental unit while offer services one can obtain in nursing home or an assistance living facility. Level of Long-Term Care Service (include differences) Example: Assisted living facilities are in the housing level of service. This level of service is more independent than many others, though clients need some type of assistance. A nursing home can be either long or short term depending on the reason one is there. The difference between supportive housing program and long term care services are; supportive housing assistance those that are able to care for oneself where long term care is for those that needs assistance with daily adl’s. Home care is more independent than a long term services, because one is still able to be in the home with little assistance from an outside source. Assistance living is more independent than a long term facility. One is no longer able to live at home. Mostly likely one require a little more assistance that can offer through home care but not enough where to one needs to be placed in a nursing home. CRS is more independent that a long term cares facility because one is still able to live on their own with no assistance.

Femininity And The World Of Semiotics Cultural Studies Essay

Femininity And The World Of Semiotics Cultural Studies Essay Semiotics is the doctrine of signs. Signs take the form of anything that society invests meaning into. Such signs as words, images, sounds, odours, flavours, acts or objects only become signs when they are interpreted as having meaning (Chandler, 2009). Roland Barthes was a French theorist who had a major contribution to structuralist semiotics. His contribution was to extend the idea of the sign into myth. He later moved towards a post-structuralist view. Barthes began to read culture from a mythic perspective, where myths were seen as connotations. (Bignell, 2002, p58)Ursula, in the film the Little Mermaid, is portrayed as a villain due to her resistance against the discourse of femininity. The discourse of femininity is the social constructions that dictate how women are expected to behave and look. Ursula desires power, which is not considered a conventional feminine trait. This positions the audience to see her as a villain. The film creators have specifically chosen everything about Ursula. The filmmakers are aware of the connotations associated with femininity. They have used this knowledge to create Ursula as a villain. Her image, gender performance and her interaction with animals are all individual signs of her rebellion against femininity. Barthes originally adopted Louis Hjelmslevs notion of orders of signification. (Chandler, 2009) After Barthe had extended the sign he began to read culture through a mythical perspective where he linked myths with connotations and ideologies. The semiotic interpretation of a myth differs to the preexisting definition of a myth being false. Myths help to make sense of experiences within a culture. A myth to Barthes supports ideologies and relates to social realities (Bignell, 2002, p58). A myths function is to make dominant cultural and historical values, attitudes and beliefs seem entirely natural and true reflections of the way things are (Chandler, 2009). Barthes linked myths and ideologies very closely as he also defined ideologies as reinforcing the existing system as appearing natural and acceptable to society (Bignell, 2002, p58). Barthes believed visual signs in media are used to trigger a range of connotations attached to the sign and that connotations came from our social ex periences. (Allen, 2003, p42) Barthes believed when signs and connotations were brought together they shaped a particular message. (Bignell, 2002, p58). Ursulas image is associated with unfeminine connotations. Every detail of Ursulas image, from her clothing to her weight represents a desire for power and resistance against femininity. This positions the audience to view Ursula as a villain due to the myth society holds regarding femininity. These myths are automatically accepted by society, as we believe the connotations associated with these signs are true reflections of reality. Parents and authoritative figures encourage young girls from an early age to speak and act in ways which displays their femininity. Behaviour like wearing frilly dresses is a symbol for appearing weaker and less aggressive than boys (Larner, 2009). Ursula wears a black revealing dress, which refers to her strength, aggression, and power that goes against femininity. Ursula has sharp angular features that she highlights with heavy eye make up, which is a symbol of an unnatural woman. (Stoll, 2005) Ursula is an overweight character who shakes her hips and m oves in an exaggerated and sluggish manner. She is languid, lacy and floppish. (Stoll, 2005) Overweight characters in Disney films have negative connotations associated with them. They are considered ugly, unpleasant, lazy and un- married (Towbin, Haddock, Zimmerman, Lund, Tanner, 2004). These connotations come from the myth that attractive women need protection because they are helpless and are therefore more likely to marry. (Towbin, et al., 2004). Ursulas hair is a disruption to the image of femininity. She has short, bleached and butch hair. (Mallan, 2000) Feminine characters are usually represented as having long, flowing hair that is often seen as sensual. Therefore Ursulas short hair is associated with resisting the discourse of femininity. Throughout the film, Ursulas image is associated with suspense and tension. (Stoll, 2005) Each time the viewer sees Ursula they are reminded she is the villain who brings evil upon others. As Barthe suggests the visual signs within The Lit tle Mermaid trigger connotations associated with femininity. These signs and connotations create a message that Ursula is a villain due to her desire for power, which is represented through her image. Ursula is conveyed as a villain through here gender performance. Gender performance, according to Judith Baxter, is the term that argues that gender norms are constructed by society. She suggests that as much as femininity is about image, femininity is an act and does not automatically come with female genitalia (Frus, P. Williams, C. 2010, p201). Performance is about the repetition of gestures, words, acts and desires. Ursula tries to teach Ariel how to preform woman by bumping her hips through sexual gestures while speaking the words dont underestimate body language. Her gestures and words refer to the connotations of sexually perversity and promiscuity, which is controversial to the image of femininity. Ursulas performance shows the disconnection between the female body of the performer and her masculine persona. Ursula is parallel to John Waters transvestite diva character, Divine. Divine was a drag queen that had a monstrous figure and attempted to resemble a female. (Hallam, 20 09) This false female who conveyed masculine acts and gestures did not fool the audiences. This is parallel to Ursulas character whose overly phallic body represents sexual perversity. The fact Ursula is sexually aware displays her masculine traits, as feminine characters in Disney films are often seen as innocent and unaware of sexuality. The innocent female ideology is reinforced through The Little Mermaid. This demonstrates Ursula is unacceptable to society because she resists this ideology. Desires are a contributing factor to gender performance. Ursula desires patriarchal authority rather than a marriage, which is an unconventional feminine trait that destabilizes gender. In accordance with Barthes theory of semiotics, and the connotations and signs associated with Ursulas performance it is evident that Ursula is an unfeminine character, who for this very reason, is portrayed as a villain. The way animals react and engage with Ursula conveys her villainous behavior and her rebellion against femininity. Wicked women in Disney films are often considered antisocial and are associated with ugly animal helpers who take pleasure in disastrous events. (Bell, Haas, Sells, 1995) Flotsam and Jetsam are Ursulas assistants. These characters demonstrate Ursulas desire for power. Her assistants appear to dedicate their life to her and display no evidence of a life of their own. Ursula fails to show gratitude towards her assistants. These two characters do wicked odd jobs Ursula doesnt want to do. They are inferior characters, yet essential to the portrayal of Ursula. (Stoll, )Ursula steals Ariels voice with the help of her accomplices. Ursula attempts to lure the prince into marrying however she fails, as the surrounding animals are not fooled by her false femininity. Her attempt to usurp male power fails and she is punished and humiliated. The animals degrade Ursula in a performanc e at the altar. Birds fly between her outspread legs, starfish smack her face and the princes dog bites her behind (Zuk, 1998). The animals hatred towards Ursula is highlighted by their love for Ariel. All women are expected to be caring from birth and desire a family. Ursula displays no caring attributes towards others and is a self indulged woman. Women are subconsciously warned of the negative consequences of stepping outside feminine sex roles as the stereotypical female is expected to be biologically maternal. This myth refers to the expectation that feminine women are expected to care and nurture animals and have an automatic bond with them. The way Ursula treats her assistants, Flotsam and Jetsam is an accurate portrayal of Ursula. The way the animals react around Ursula also highlights her wickedness, as they feel hatred towards her and are also cautious of her power. As Barthe suggests, the signs and connotations associated with Ursulas interaction with other characters por trays her as a villain. Ursula resists the discourse of femininity through her image, gender performance and her interaction with animals. Ursulas image resists femininity through her Clothing, weight, hair and make up. The connotations associated with each of these reinforce that Ursula is negatively different from the other female characters and is therefore a villain. Gender performance includes gestures, desires and words. Ursula fails at feminine performance due to her sexual awareness, which is demonstrated through her gestures and words. Her desire is to have patriarchal power over the human and underwater world is considered a male and villainous trait. The way animals react to Ursula shows her true villainous nature and unfeminine qualities. Her accomplices Flotsam and Jetsam are essential to the portrayal of Ursula as they add to her wickedness. As Barthe suggests the signs and connotations within Ursulas image, gender performance and her interaction with animals have shaped the message that Ursul a is a villain due to her resistance against femininity.

Drivers of Sustainable Supply Chain Management Essay

Drivers of Sustainable Supply Chain Management Introduction                   Sustainability in all operations of a business is a contemporary issue that ensures firms gain competitive advantage. Supply chain management is a discipline dealing with the reorganization of a firm’s extra-supply activities to achieve a competitive edge in the market and take advantage of customer value. It is also concerned with the suppliers attempt to establish and effect supply chains which are both efficient and economical for them. An organization’s supply chain is a multidimensional activity covering most aspects ranging from manufacturing, to goods and services development, and the information systems.The drivers of a sustainable supply chain management can be either internal or external. Internal sustainability drivers include internal business processes while the external are legislation, environmental drivers, customers, and social drivers (Hanuv 35).                   Legal requirements compliance is a fundamental drive in achieving a sustainable supply chain management. It is the starting point because failure to comply to regulations implies that the business is illegal (Cohen 80). Regulatory issues include general environmental laws that may give direction to products disposal and recycling. Compliance to the law enhances the supply chain and hence making it sustainable.                   Financial drivers are also vital for a sustainable supply chain management. Sustainable supply chain management leads to efficiency and effectiveness in business operations that result to good financial performance. This is brought by reversed logistics that result to cost minimization and saving.                   Sustainability is also driven by internal business processes such as offering warrants, product leases, and replacements. These activities enhance effectiveness in production to minimize replacements and hence in the long run a business attains a sustainable supply chain.                   Customers are the most important stakeholders to any business and they greatly drive firms into adopting sustainable supply chain management (Hugos 56). The clients have large number of substitute goods at their disposal, which gives them the driving force to impact the operations a firm. As firms work to accumulate customer’s pressure such as buying from companies with green image, they end up attaining sustainable supply chain management. References Cohen, Shoshanah. â€Å"Contemporary Supply Chain Management.† Strategic Supply Chain Management: The Five Disciplines for Top Performance:2nd Revised Edition. New York: Mcgraw-hill Professional, 2013. 80-132. Print. Hanuv, Mann. Drivers of Sustainable Supply Chain Management. The IUP Journal of Operations Management. Vol. IX. No. 4(2010): 1-58 Hugos, Michael H. â€Å"Sustainability in Supply Chain Management.† Essentials of Supply Chain Management. 3rd ed. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2011. 56-124. Print. Source document

The Narrative of Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

Cabeza de Vaca, the treasurer of an expedition from Spain was shipwrecked and was ultimately forced to trek several miles by natives of Hernan Cortes. Cabeza de Vaca survived by learning the language of the natives and serving them as their physician. After eight years of living with them, he imbibed the culture of the native people in the area, developed an affinity with them such that his rescue from them was not quite a welcome treat for him.He and his 600 men meandered along the interior of New Spain but they ended up to only 4 men on the journey. This compassion for the natives is quite interesting as we see how he changed his ways and some beliefs about. There are many answers to this question. Some say that maybe De Vaca truly began to respect the natives’ ways. But in the context of the work, I believe this is nothing more than an extended case of Stockholm syndrome.It shows more the changes that he experienced with the natives over the course of his years in America s uch that he has been smitten by the natives (Societal Stockholm Syndrome). What is Stockholm Syndrome? This term was used during the early 70s to denote the different reactions of bank employees to the people who hostaged them. This happened when three women and one man was hostaged in one of the largest banks in Stockholm. Instead of completely resisting these ex-convicts, the captives even resisted the government’s efforts to rescue them.They had developed an affinity with the men. It may seem puzzling at first, but when one looks at this to explain what Cabeza de Vaca experienced with the natives, one can readily say that it was largely due to the fact that the Cabeza had developed compassion to the natives who also showed him kindness while they kept him prisoner (Societal Stockholm Syndrome). In sharing of himself and what he knows as a physician, his giving was also his receiving. At such time, giving is its own reward.He was with the natives at those times in a way he will never forget, even if they were to meet again after being separated. Sharing with love and caring comes when one gives freely of himself and what he has, and one reciprocates the kindness. This is gleaned all over his writings as illustrated in one of the Chapters where he recounts. â€Å"Then, supporting us under our arms, they hurried us from one to another of the four big fires they had built along the path.At each fire, when we regained a little warmth and strength, they took us on so swiftly our feet hardly touched ground. † (Cabeza de Vaca’s Adventures in the Unknown Interior of America). This seemed like being pampered guests instead of being captives. In any relationship, there are things one appreciates. If the relationship has much depth, such as what transpired in the narratives of Cabeza de Vaca, then, it was but natural for the Cabeza to be so involved with the activities of the natives. Telling them of his fears is as much a gift as telling them of h is appreciations.Sharing these feelings opened up the natives’ innate inclination toward elasticity and trust. Genuine concern for the welfare of the people in one’s life never takes the form of violence towards them as lived by the Cabeza. He did not use violence to gain his own ends and he even convinced himself that â€Å"it’s good for them† as when the natives initially became oppressive. It is difficult for one to acknowledge acts of violence and oppression for they are statements of one’s own feelings of incompetence.Perhaps the Cabeza knew that violence ultimately leads, in most cases, to results just the opposite of those it was intended to produce.REFERENCES Cabeza de Vaca’s Adventures in the Unknown Interior of America. Translated by Cyclone Covey. Retrieved May 29, 2007 at: http://www. ibiblio. org/eldritch/cdv/rel. htm#c19Castaway: The Narrative of Alvar Nunez Cageza de Vaca. University of California Press. September 23, 1993. So cietal Stockholm Syndrome. Retrieved May 29, 2007 at: http://web2. iadfw. net/ktrig246/out_of_cave/sss. html

Lifestyles Under Means of Control in the Colonies essays

Lifestyles Under Means of Control in the Colonies essays The colony of Boston began to develop rapidly in the early 18th Century, and family life was no exception. Family life became a methodical process where each person, male and female, had a specific part that they filled to ensure the prosperity of the household. It was methods and procedures such as these that paved the way for the colonies themselves to prosper. These people must surely have known that their lives would be analyzed in the future to great extent by historians. It is interesting though that our families today dont seem to share that kind of feeling. Our lives are not as structured, and we dont write down every single thing we do. This could relate to the fact that now we have more in mail billings, expenses are not paid directly in hand, but through mail services. There is also a lot more long distance communication because of technology and the Internet. Perhaps records seemed more detailed and precise in the early 18th Century compared to now because our soc iety these days doesnt feel our lives will be analyzed in the future by historians. Records of daily life today can be found everywhere on the Internet through various peoples online journals. These may not be nearly as accurate as journals such as William Byrd, but they are journals nonetheless, and thus they do demonstrate a way of life in that they notate what is on the writers mind. A definite clause of your way of life is what is on your mind. It is evident through documents such as the Balch family probates where every possession is listed with its liquid value displayed that your familys net worth was a great factor in determining your social status. This is why the government collects taxes based on our wealth; the government also in effect is the record-keeping body performing tasks such as inventory. The only time that the family ever really takes their possessions and lists them off is when so...

Normans - Medieval Viking Rulers in France and England

Normans - Medieval Viking Rulers in France and England The Normans (from the Latin Normanni and Old Norse for north men) were ethnic Scandinavian Vikings who settled in northwest France in the early 9th century AD. They controlled the region known as Normandy until the mid 13th century. In 1066, the most famous of the Normans, William the Conqueror, invaded England and conquered the resident Anglo-Saxons; after William, several kings of England including Henry I and II and Richard the Lionheart were Normans and ruled both regions. Dukes of Normandy Rollo the Walker 860-932, ruled Normandy 911-928, married Gisla (daughter of Charles the Simple)William Longsword  ruled 928-942Richard I (the Fearless), born 933, ruled 942-996 married Hugh the Greats daughter Emma, then GunnorRichard II (The Good) ruled 996-1026 married JudithRichard III ruled 1026-1027Robert I (The Magnificent, or The Devil) ruled 1027-1035 (Richard IIIs brother) William the Conquerer, 1027-1087, ruled 1035-1087, also King of England after 1066, married Matilda of Flanders Robert II (Curthose), ruled Normandy 1087-1106 Henry I (Beauclerc) b. 1068, King of England 1100-1135 Henry II b. 1133, ruled England 1154-1189 Richard the Lionheart also King of England 1189-1216John Lackland Vikings in France By the 830s, the Vikings arrived from Denmark and began raiding in what is today France, finding the standing Carolingian government in the midst of an ongoing civil war. The Vikings were only one of several groups who found the weakness of the Carolingian empire an attractive target. The Vikings used the same tactics in France as they did in England: plundering the monasteries, markets and towns; imposing tribute or Danegeld on the people they conquered; and killing the bishops, disrupting ecclesiastical life and causing a sharp decline in literacy. The Vikings became permanent settlers with the express collusion of Frances rulers, although many of the grants were simply a recognition of de facto Viking control of the region. Temporary settlements were first established along the Mediterranean coast from a series of royal grants from Frisia to the Danish Vikings: the first was in 826, when Louis the Pious granted Harald Klak the county of Rustringen to use as a retreat. Subsequent rulers did the same, usually with the aim of putting one Viking in place to defend the Frisian coast against others. A Viking army first wintered on the Seine river in 851, and there joined forces with the kings enemies, the Bretons, and Pippin II. Founding Normandy: Rollo the Walker The duchy of Normandy was founded by Rollo (Hrolfr) the Walker, a Viking leader in the early 10th century. In 911, the Carolingian king Charles the Bald ceded land including the lower Seine valley to Rollo, in the Treaty of St Clair sur Epte. That land was extended to include what is today all of Normandy by AD 933 when the French King Ralph granted the land of the Bretons to Rollos son William Longsword. The Viking court based at Rouen was always a little shaky, but Rollo and his son William Longsword did their best to shore up the duchy by marrying into the Frankish elite. There were crises in the duchy in the 940s and 960s, particularly when William Longsword died in 942 when his son Richard I was only 9 or 10. There were fights among the Normans, particularly between pagan and Christian groups. Rouen continued as a subordinate to the Frankish kings until the Norman War of 960-966, when Richard I fought against Theobald the Trickster. Richard defeated Theobald, and newly arrived Vikings pillaged his lands. That was the moment when Normans and Normandy became a formidable political force in Europe. William the Conquerer The 7th Duke of Normandy was William, the son Robert I, succeeding to the ducal throne in 1035. William married a cousin, Matilda of Flanders, and to appease the church for doing that, he built two abbeys and a castle in Caen. By 1060, he was using that to build a new power base in Lower Normandy, and that is where he began amassing for the Norman Conquest of England. You can find lots more about William the Conquerer and the Battle of Hastings elsewhere. Ethnicity and the Normans Archaeological evidence for the Viking presence in France is notoriously slim. Their villages were basically fortified settlements, consisting of earthwork-protected sites called motte (en-ditched mound) and bailey (courtyard) castles, not that different from other such villages in France and England at that time. The reason for the lack of evidence for explicit Viking presence may be that the earliest Normans tried to fit into the existing Frankish powerbase. But that didnt work well, and it was not until 960 when Rollos grandson Richard I galvanized the notion of Norman ethnicity, in part to appeal to the new allies arriving from Scandinavia. But that ethnicity was largely limited to kinship structures and place names, not material culture, and by the end of the 10th century, the Vikings had largely assimilated into the larger European medieval culture. Historic Sources Most of what we know of the early Dukes of Normandy is from Dudo of St Quentin, a historian whose patrons were Richard I and II. He painted an apocalyptic picture of Normandy in his best-known work De moribus et actis primorum normanniae ducum, written between 994-1015. Dudos text was the basis for future Norman historians including William of Jumià ¨ges (Gesta Normannorum Ducum), William of Poitiers (Gesta Willelmi), Robert of Torigni and Orderic Vitalis. Other surviving texts include the Carmen de Hastingae Proelio and the  Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Sources This article is part of the About.com guide to Vikings, and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology Cross KC. 2014. Enemy and Ancestor: Viking Identities and Ethnic Boundaries in England and Normandy, c.950 – c.1015. London: University College London. Harris I. 1994. Stephen of Rouens Draco Normannicus: A Norman Epic. Sydney Studies in Society and Culture 11:112-124. Hewitt CM. 2010. The Geographic Origins of the Norman Conquerors of England. Historical Geography 38(130-144). Jervis B. 2013. Objects and social change: A case study from Saxo-Norman Southampton. In: Alberti B, Jones AM, and Pollard J, editors. Archaeology After Interpretation: Returning Materials to Archaeological Theory. Walnut Creek, California: Left Coast Press. McNair F. 2015. The politics of being Norman in the reign of Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy (r. 942–996). Early Medieval Europe 23(3):308-328. Peltzer J. 2004. Henry II and the Norman Bishops. The English Historical Review 119(484):1202-1229. Petts D. 2015. Churches and lordship in Western Normandy AD 800-1200. In: Shepland M, and Pardo JCS, editors. Churches and Social Power in Early Medieval Europe. Brepols: Turnhout.

IMC Proposal London Zoo Marketing Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IMC Proposal London Zoo Marketing - Dissertation Example As part of the IMC dissertation proposal for ZSL London Zoo, this report will give the readers an overview of the market competitive framework. In line with this, the market structure of London Zoo will first be tackled followed by comparing the profile and marketing activities of ZSL’s major competitors and discussing the importance of continuously promoting the central brand. Based on the product life cycle analysis, the current distribution policy and pricing policy will be tackled in details. Chapter II – Literature Review Overview of the Market Competitive Framework Although there are more than 100 zoos throughout the United Kingdom, the only 3 zoos that are currently operational in London include the Battersea Park Children’s zoo, the Sea Life London Aquarium, and the London Zoo (Zoo Keepers, 2009). Among these four zoos that are currently operational in this area, only the London Zoo is classified as the major zoo throughout the United Kingdom. (See Append ix I – Major Zoo Operators in London on page 7) Given that there are only three zoos being operational in London, its market structure is classified as oligopoly. In line with this, Arnold (2010, p. ... Aside from publicly announcing the arrival of a new animal, the marketing strategies used by the Battersea Park Children’s zoo, the Sea Life London Aquarium, and the London Zoo are similar in the sense that these operators are focused on providing discounts on group tours, accepting parties and school visits (Sea Life London Aquarium, 2011; Battersea Park Children's Zoo, 2011; ZSL, 2011). Specifically Battersea Park Children’s Zoo (2011) offers the public the option to adopt an animal for either 6 months or 1 year programme. Aside from entering into joint business partnership with University of Cambridge, ZSL London Zoo is more focused on promoting its forthcoming science and conservation events and offering children with more options to enjoy their stay at the zoo (ZSL, 2011). Importance of Promoting the Central Brand According to Aaker (1991), brand equity is a multi-dimensional concept which is strongly related to the development of strong brand loyalty, creation of brand awareness, perceived service quality, and brand association. Being more than just choosing a corporate name, King (2010) explained that branding is crucial behind the success of the ZSL London Zoo because a strong brand could develop familiarity and loyalty on the part of its prospective zoo visitors. Because of the importance of continuously promoting the central brand, the managers of ZSL should take it as a challenge in making the general public feel special when being associated with a brand. By considering its product life cycle analysis, ZSL can implement marketing strategies that will strengthen its brand and keep its existing customers loyal to the zoo. Product

Port Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Port Management - Assignment Example One source of sustained competitive advantage, which is very followed by academics, is the firms' resources and capabilities that is the Resource-Based view (Azevedo). Competitive value of the resources can be enhanced or annulled by changes in the technology, by changes in the competitor's behavior, or by changes in the buyers' needs.(Porter) All these aspects would be neglectful whether the analysis focus was only centered in the internal resources (Porter). According to Chandler and Hanks resources and capabilities create a satisfactory base for formulating competitive strategies. An important factor that assures a long-term competitive advantage is the sustainability of the firm's capabilities or their core competences. Sustained capabilities are those that are not easy or quickly reproduced by the competitors and must form the base of firm's strategy. These resources and capabilities are the key for the achievement of competitive advantage and should be protected. Being so, they have a significant role in the ready for action strategy of an association. In consecution of such strategies and to keep the dignity of port in the business of transport and freight for long term, the competent authorities are developing the Special Economic Zone. In the accent of Leman The SEZ has also become a key offshore distribution center though... Leman has serious apprehension for the developments of the ports for keeping the pace with rivalry for long run. When he says 'its container terminals already face competition from lower-cost facilities in Shenzhen and will soon have to compete with Nansha in Guangzhou and deepwater ports in the Yangzi delta.' it is evident that the need for benevolent priority to such project is soaring. The need of strategic plan is on towering demand for maintaining a sustain competition for the benefit of port. Wernerfelt Learned, et al. and Porter adopted RBV from a strategic point of view considering a resource as a strength that firms can use to formulate and to implement their strategies. The resources and capabilities of the firm are the main competences for formulating strategy (Grant). Many of the authorities from around the world have adopted such plan for the purpose. In consultation with regional partners, this Strategic Plan has been developed by the Board of Directors of the Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority (Port Authority) with the goal of providing a long-term strategic roadmap for the organization. According to Port Authority this roadmap clarifies the Port Authority's mission, defines the Port Authority's role and provides a strategic framework for the substantial decisions that will set the course for its investment in the regional economy. They claim that This Strategic Plan serves as an overarching foundation for activity over the next 25-year period. The Port Authority has identified several goals for the period from 2008 to 2033. This shows that the port has minimum probability for not sustaining in the long run for the business associated with ports. The Authority has a plan to involve in